man, thinking, doubt-5723449.jpg
| |

雅思口语考试时给具体答案的重要性

——他多大?

——我不知道。

在中国时,以上遇到的答案一直让我很烦恼。跟中国朋友谈论他们最近发生的事情时,比如一个刚进入他们公司的同事或一个很严格的老板或教授,我通常会问那个人多大?我当然理解他们无法知道那个人确切的年龄,我只想知道那个人大概多大,那样我可以多一点了解朋友在描述的情况。

当你问一个西方人,他看过的某个人的年龄多大时,他们大多会预测说“他蛮老,八十几岁我觉得“或者“我猜有26岁左右”什么的。只要他们看过那个人的样子,他们就肯定不会只说一个【不知道】。我不知道不喜欢给具体答案是不是大多数中国人的一个习惯。但我清楚的是:我口语分数最高的学生是那些一直用具体的答案回答问题的。

考官在乎你说不说具体的答案,不是因为他想知道你生活的细节,主要的原因是:因为清楚地描述一个具体的看法或情况的挑战性总比提供简单的老掉牙强

外语比较弱的人会有一些可以在很多情况中使用的语句,他们词汇量不够好到可以具体表达他们意思的时候,大多就会依靠这些语句,如:

——That’s a difficult questions, it’s hard to say.  

——It depends,

——I never really considered that before 

——If you work hard you can achieve it

——You have to try your best…

——As China has a long history…

——Children are the future…

——We can learn a lot from old people…

考官如果听考生只依靠类似以上老生常谈的话,就会知道考生的词汇量有问题。考官每次问你一个问题,特别在考试的第三部分,都是在给你一个展示自己词汇量的机会。而你每次不给具体的答案就是在拒绝这个挑战。

口语考试【第三部分】的主要作用是用来分辨出英语很厉害的7分以上的学生和那些英语还不错,不过还是有一些明显问题的5.5到6.5分的考生。能够证明自己口语够好考到7分以上的考生在第三部分都会通过以下这个过程:

1. 考官问问题

2. 考生给一个具体答案

3. 考官挑战考生的答案

4. 考生还是用具体的理由和想法捍卫自己的看法

比如:

——Are clothes important for making a good first impression?

——No, not really.  They might be somewhat important for those who are interested in fashion but things like tone of voice and facial expression are much more important.

——What if you meet someone wearing very bright colors which don’t match, would you not have a bad first impression of that person?

——Perhaps for a second or two, but if that person smiled, had a good handshake and made eye contact I would soon forget about their clothes.  In fact, I sometimes find that people who obsess about their clothes have a lack of depth to their personalities.  They use clothes to try to hide this.

如何更具体地回答雅思口语问题?我在中国的时候常常遇到那些由于答案不够丰富而得不到他们本来可能得到高分的考生。那些最普遍的答案不够具体的问题类型是:

数字类问题

e.g.

——At what age should…(children get a mobile phone / young people leave their parents home / people decide what kind of job they want to have / travel abroad by themselves for the first time 等等)

——Around how many… (children should there be in an ideal classroom / holidays should someone take every year / hours a week should someone exercise for / close friends does a person need 等等)

重要的事情说三遍:当你被问到一个需要用数字来回答的问题时,我求你就直截了当地用数字来回答!!!我不知道中国考生为什么不敢用具体的数字来回答问题,不过这个习惯让考官超级困扰。

以下是一个具体的例子:

——“What is the best age for a young person to leave their parents home?” 

(你认为年轻人应该在什么年龄离开父母家?)

我问中国考生这个问题时,听到过各种各类的答案,但是很少听到一个正确的。最普遍的答案包括:

——It depends….

——Once they are mature enough….

——When they find a job….

——When they can support themselves….

以上的答案都不是回答一个具体的年龄。很明显离开家的人应该够成熟,应该有工作等等,不过那都不是问题要问的意思。唯一而正确开始回答这个问题的方法是:选择一个年龄。

比如:

——I think around 19 or 20 is the best age because…

或者

——I think they should wait until they are around 26 because…

选A或B类型的问题

e.g. 

——Who are better at making important decisions, men or women?

——Do most people in your country prefer independent travel or traveling in your groups?

——Do older people or younger people take better care of their health?

—— Is it more enjoyable to make long journeys by car or train?

面对这类问题的考生通常会浪费很多时间来解释这个问题有多么不容易回答。他们无法确定那边是对,可能是A方面,因为什么什么,不过也可能是B方面,因为什么什么。这样的话完全没有价值。

考官当然知道这个问题不容易回答,如果很容易回答的话他就不会问!我一直推荐我的学生确定一个选择,你到底选的是A还是B一点都不重要,但是肯定要选一个。这次我们用以下这个问题来做比方。

——“Do older people or younger people take better care of their health?“

(老人还是年轻人,是谁多关注健康?)

最普遍的答案包括:

——It depends….

——They both take care of their health…

——It’s hard to say, some young people really care about their health and so do some old people….

——I think they take equal care of their health…

这些答案也是没有用。它们都会让考官认为考生缺乏词汇或者缺乏自己的看法。基本上只有两个正确的开始回答这个问题的句子:

——I believe young people take better care of their health because…

或者

——I think older people take better care of their health because…

需要具体例子的答案

e.g.

——Which destinations are the most popular destinations for Chinese tourists to visit?

——What are some ways public transport in your country could be improved?

——What activities do older people in your country like to do in their free time?

——What kinds of things can people do to meet new friends when they move to a new city?

——What kinds of foods are popular with children these days?

面对这样的问题,中国的雅思考生经常犯两个错误。第一个是太笼统的答案

如:which destinations? Europe or America ; what ways?  they need to improve the busses and subway ; what activities? they do many different activities because they have lots of free time ; what kinds of things? they need to have the right attitude and be open to meeting new people. what kinds of foods? they like all foods

第二个是只提供一个例子。这四个问题的关键词都是复数名词(destinations , ways , activities , things , kinds of foods),那就意味着光给一个例子不够。

如果你遇到下面这个问题时:

——What activities do older people in your country like to do in their free time? 

(你国家的老人在他们的空闲时间喜欢做哪些事情?)

一些正确的开始回答可以像这样:

——Generally they like playing mahjong, playing badminton doing tai chi and dancing…

——They tend to do a lot of walking and play a lot of cards but I’d say the most popular activity is singing.

——The old people I see every day seem to do a lot of QiGong and some of them play chess, but many of them just hang around the gate of their apartment complex and chat to each other.

这样提供几个例子的答案会让考官知道你的词汇量不错。你提供了三四个例子后还是可以更详细地谈论你提供的某个例子之一。不过记得最好先提供几个

看到这里,还没结束!

再告诉大家两个我不允许我的雅思学生用的短语

  • 第一个是:of course

具体原因请看我之前写的20个错误词汇中的解释。戳这里

  • 第二个是:it depends

在生活中我们当然有时要用到它,但是这两个词一点都不能帮助我们在考试时给具体的答案或表达一个具体的看法。谁都知道:世界上的每件事情都取决于一些其他的事情或方面。连一个很明显的问题如“小朋友喜欢吃冰淇淋吗?”这样的问题,我们都可以用”这取决于“来作答。

——取决于冰淇淋是什么味道?

 ——取决于他是不是对乳制品过敏。

虽然我们可以用取决于回答任何问题,但经常这么做会让我们的对话变得超级没意思。在口语考试的第三部分,如果考生用”it depends”来回答,考官通常会打断他说:”in general(通常来说)”

比如:

考官:Do you think employers care more about practical skills or educational qualifications?

考生:It depends,

考官:In general?

考官那么做是因为他希望能引出考生一个具体的看法。如我之前所说,想考到7分以上的考生的目标应该是在回答时表达一些具体的看法,然后想方设法捍卫它们,说’it depends’会阻止我们那么做。

谢谢阅读!

Similar Posts